USD & Forex

USD & Forex

Crime, Sanctions, and the Dollar’s Shadow System

The U.S. dollar is not only the world’s primary reserve and settlement currency; it is also the backbone of a sprawling shadow system where illicit finance, sanctions evasion, and alternative payment rails intersect.

USD & Forex

Crypto Shocks and USD Safe-Haven Flows

The collapse of major crypto exchanges and tokens in recent years has underscored a paradox: while digital assets are sometimes framed as alternatives to the U.S. dollar, market stress in crypto almost always drives investors back into greenbacks.

Advertisement